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Advanced diode


Introduction to Advanced Diode Model

The NXP Advanced Diode model is an extension to normal diode models to include a much better description of especially the reverse behavior. The model includes the following physical mechanisms:


  • band-to-band tunneling;
  • trap-assisted tunnelling (both under forward and reverse bias);
  • Shockley-Read-Hall recombination; and
  • avalanche breakdown;

As a result of these extra descriptions also the temperature behavior has also drastically improved, without the need for an extra temperature scaling parameter.

Model definition of Advanced Diode Model

The definition of the NXP Advanced Diode model is available as a pdf file: Download PDF File Level 500 (135kB).


The history of the model can be found here.

Source Code & Library

The source code of Advanced Diode model is available here. The file "pmk_device_d500.c" contains the majority of the Advanced Diode model. Please notice that the file is located in the directory source/pmk. If you use the included solver, please make sure that you compile on a system that supports Fortran 77.


The history of the source code can be found here.


The models are included in a dynamically loaded library called SiMKit.


SiMKit is related to the following circuit simulators used within NXP:


  • Pstar, the circuit simulator from NXP
  • Spectre, the circuit simulator from Cadence

The Advanced Diode level 500 is not available for the ADS simulator.


You can read how to download and install the libraries here.


The source code is protected by Copyright © 1991, 2007, NXP.

Additional reports

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Related Publications

Further information on the Advanced Diode model is available in the following related publication:



© 1992, 2007 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

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